tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11342643001486529332024-03-05T09:14:40.446-08:00Design-Language1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-40194460602617919222016-01-21T10:45:00.000-08:002016-01-21T11:15:55.206-08:00Blogging about Image and Influence <!--[if !mso]>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial bold"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>Image and Influence <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial bold"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><b>2016.Jan.18</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial bold"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="bodytext" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 1.0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 16.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Johanna
Drucker, “Signs of Life / Spaces of Art: From Standard Brands to Integrated
Circuits,” in Gunnar Swanson, ed., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Graphic
Design and Reading: Explorations of an Uneasy Relationship</i> (New York:
Allworth Press, 2000): <br />
30 – 49.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="bodytext" style="line-height: 12.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 1.0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 16.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt;">Joan Gibbons, “Art Invades and Appropriates,” in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Art and Advertising </i>(London: I. B.
Taurus, 2005): 29 – 51.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Victor Burgin, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Between</i> (Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell,
1986): cover – 60.<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">We have heard from critics (such as Max Kozloff, in our first week)
who dismiss design as “expendable” and “babble,’ and designers as “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">the most unashamed predators imaginable… in
search of ideas, rather than a vision.” But if popular visual culture seems
easy to dismiss in theory, </span><span lang="EN-US">how do design and art relate
to each other in actual practice?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Drucker suggests art’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rhetoric</i>,
its visual logic and the approaches it uses works through a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">myth,</i> of private, personal space and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">deep </i>self-expression. Design, on the
other hand, suggests the myth of public, open, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shallow </i>spaces. So <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">both </i>of
these ideas are myths, or fictions. And anyway, with current technology and the
prevalence of marketing, signs exchange with increasing freedom across this art/design,
private/public divide. As art’s imagery is appropriated by the rhetoric of
signs from mass culture, art also becomes images <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of </i>signs, in effect signs that are representations of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">other </i>signs. Images lose all context and
history and connection to the material world. She sees a world of endlessly
circulating, branded and artificial meanings as a single integrated circuit,
located nowhere and everywhere. (Perhaps she is referring to what Jean
Baudrillard called the hyperreal).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Gibbons outlines the same process, really, seen from the other side
of the (eroding) art/design border, as artists move out of their literal (museums)
and symbolic spaces (rhetorics and languages), to “invade and appropriate” the
world of design, advertising and propaganda; on billboards, magazines, streets,
protests, and beyond. Burgin is an interesting, and particularly reflective and
intellectual, example of this, bringing an analysis of class (who produces
wealth, who accumulates it) and gender (something we choose and perform, as
opposed to our sex at birth) into his visual practice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In your presentations, we looked at: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Joseph Kosuth, bringing philosophy texts and
definitions to gallery walls<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Les Levine running a restaurant as art, and his
mass-production of abstract, vacuum-formed, plastic shapes (‘disposable art’)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>reclaiming ad spaces by whitewashing billboards<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>taking up and displaying photography on site in
war-torn Nicaragua<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pop art and hip hop culture, which span
spaces from high fashion, global celebrity to gritty street gangs, drug undergrounds
and queer culture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the anarchist Situationist International,
loose in the streets of Paris<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> images </span>from sexist advertising to the feminism and
activism of the Guerilla Girls and their angry exposure of art’s dirty truths,
and other cross-boundary and slightly illicit visual cultures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 3.0pt; margin-left: .4in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -.15in;">
<span lang="EN-US">•<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and more. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">What this variety of unusual approaches suggests is that high <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and </i>mass culture, artists <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">and </i>designers, both have some flexibility
and some say in whether we choose to accept the terms on which our identities
are created, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">for </i>us and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">against </i>us. These examples, I think, all
critique the way that dominant culture “naturalizes ideology,” how the media we
absorb makes it seems <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">normal</i> that women
have certain roles; that men should act a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">certain
</i>(tough, dominating) way; that there just <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">are </i>different races and it’s better not to mix them; and that everything
should be a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">commodity</i>, that is, have
a price, to be bought and sold in private exchanges. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Designers are in a position to critique these ideas as they work
most closely with the systems and tools that produce and reproduce signs, and that
in fact <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">create </i>the system of signs
and symbols we live within. That critical questioning might begin by asking why
designers own or control almost nothing of what they produce, beyond the skills
and visual intelligence they acquire in producing it: not the computers or
software they use, nor the fonts and images that they choose, the offices they
work in, nor, above all, the symbols, styles and actual works of visual art they
produce. We work for a wage. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Artists, however, produce <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">everything
</i>‘on spec,’ at their own expense, hoping it will sell on the market later—something
the professional designer vows <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">never </i>to
do. Seen this way, art is anything but a genuine, private, pure space that does
not sell itself in <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the circuits of
value, money and commodities in our world. All art today is made to be sold,
and is sold, or it is just nothing, a hobby at best. How is it that Banksy,
even as he appears to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">resist </i>being
bought and sold in galleries, finds his work dragged into the art world and
given absurd prices? Maybe he’s so interesting to us because we know that all
the ‘public’ space around us is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">already</i>
taken, already hijacked by whoever happens to own it. When activists ‘hijack’
or ‘hack’ or ‘culture jam’ ads and websites and billboards, aren’t they in some
sense really just taking them <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">back</i>?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0_oTHY4oy9Oa6V5UvvVO_X_fi8YxAhcKH4eegPyzV1PpfrUZTjDQZG-uRa7bn2l1UGoOzjzhgk_RbJDgEgOsjXptRSxYq3bGeY8fDg1hDnhJdkE4a_cJc3ET0cwwYyWVCOkpCv286EXQ6/s1600/GW297H361.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0_oTHY4oy9Oa6V5UvvVO_X_fi8YxAhcKH4eegPyzV1PpfrUZTjDQZG-uRa7bn2l1UGoOzjzhgk_RbJDgEgOsjXptRSxYq3bGeY8fDg1hDnhJdkE4a_cJc3ET0cwwYyWVCOkpCv286EXQ6/s400/GW297H361.jpeg" width="317" /></a><span lang="EN-US"></span>The question of
gender, feminism, and the Guerilla Girls fits into this in an interesting way,
too. (The pun, of course, is between the gorilla masks they wear, and
guerillas, meaning small groups of irregular fighters, from the Spanish word <i>guerra, </i>war.) Just as we find there is no essential quality,
medium, or visual truth that divides the rhetorics of art and design, there is
not absolute rule or border that divides male and female genders. How we <i>perform </i>our identities is not simply or
entirely determined by any biological command or genetic accident. Burgin produces
posters with somewhat puzzling caption/image combinations, but which suggest
that the mass media fails to represent us or reflect who we are. Rather, mass
media <i>create </i>and shape our
self-image, always into easily digested but restrictive stereotypes.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;">
Burgin digs into
contemporary theory to understand that we in fact lack an essential, authentic,
interior self or role. It’s constructed from the sign systems and visual mass
around us, just as the Marlboro ad looks out on and shapes the viewers passing
it, or the woman, described in the caption, gets her hair cut to look exactly like
the (much younger, blonder) photo.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg41bG5FhBum9MRzMR7k37NIp5hH8ZEhMqucnVjZXty4GEOkr051jeY_javOGIEg0IpjNVXtrXG7UCq1HBAon9CbxWvYxRI0IQsLSbDCrMLzaOesXzf8hOxrfGjWfS8P8fM4XR7a0yOKX23/s1600/marlboro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg41bG5FhBum9MRzMR7k37NIp5hH8ZEhMqucnVjZXty4GEOkr051jeY_javOGIEg0IpjNVXtrXG7UCq1HBAon9CbxWvYxRI0IQsLSbDCrMLzaOesXzf8hOxrfGjWfS8P8fM4XR7a0yOKX23/s320/marlboro.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;">
In our so-called public spaces, who has the right to boldly look at
other people? Who gets to capture and reproduce images and identities on a mass
scale? Does mass media really represent us? Do you feel your personal reality
is reflected in the websites, shows, and ads you consume, even the social media
self-images we carefully cultivate? Or do we just work to measure up?<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Just like any human-made sign, our identity is determined by where we
fit in relation to all the other signs in a given system; as new signs change
the shape of the overall collection of signs, the meaning of existing signs
change. David Bowie and Lady Gaga enter into our map of existing gender images,
and our idea of male/female, and our own self-image, is inevitably affected, even
possibly changed outright. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;">
<span lang="EN-US">The rhetoric of
design, that overwhelming, spectacular, global circuit of visual clichés and
stereotypes, from Santa Claus to Star Wars, Bollywood to Hello Kitty, Murikami
and Jeff Koons, Helvetica and minimalism, is shared by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all </i>image makers in our integrated, globalized world. But it does
seem that the barrier between art and design is still enforced, a difference is
maintained between them, not because designers or even artists want it that
way, but because of how private property works with images: it needs advertising
and design as a productive investment, to reach masses of consumers; but it
also needs the art market for the exchange of absurdly valuable and useless
objects, as a way to invest enormous sums of money and to speculate, as collectors
and museums bet huge sums against each other to control the status and value of
these objects.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%;">
<br /></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">The co-founder and
former cellist of Velvet Underground, John Cale, recorded a great song (written
by Jonathan Richman) shouted in his hoarse, atonal voice: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Pablo Picasso / never got called an asshole /
He could walk down your street / and girls could not resist his stare.” Cale
added a wonderfully grinding, monotonous and discordant arrangement, then
trails off with the somewhat redundant taunt, “Not like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">you</i>.” (1)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">Seeing the show of
Picasso’s work at the Art Gallery of Ontario prompted me to hum along, if only
because of how the show is marketed, in breathless one-word superlatives:
“Genius. Rebel.” and so on. While one expects museum marketing departments to
use myth-making and hyperbole to sell tickets, is such a worshipful atmosphere
really helpful to understanding what he was thinking, or how Cubism helped
shape and change modern vision and visual culture? But even art historians, who
should know better, tell us we live in a world of “post-Cubist design
principles,” attributing to the movement a “sweeping influence on contemporary
and subsequent culture” that changed all of art and design, architecture and
photography.(2) So, it makes me wonder.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">A disclaimer: I don’t
enjoy most of Picasso’s work. I think his color is muddy and vulgar (uninterestingly
vulgar), and misses the point of exploring color. He was always <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">drawing</i>, not painting, and the rough contours
that he outlined everything in equally miss the point of questioning the application
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">paint.</i> His constant reference was
past art and his target was the act representation, and indeed the idea of the
individual genius itself. These are semiotic, social, and historical puzzles
more than they are purely visual innovations or work that goes beyond the
boundaries of the field. He should have been a cartoonist, actually – and I say
that out of the greatest respect for comics and cartoons. Linear simplification
and literal message was what his eye and hand always seemed to be doing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvSKL58NLCUpS8qx_QWw3VEvAaKrtOhzkvnzk_HMfh0bHJ5EeY0rZTl2AU75JdjbhxNMHC-uIo1FQWizyVvQd12sgT6ZnTgib3h2_YANTVSsAl_2jYWlx7y3baoFyatrTOLzgM9lGjpC-/s1600/Screen-shot-2011-12-08-at-4.12.19-PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvSKL58NLCUpS8qx_QWw3VEvAaKrtOhzkvnzk_HMfh0bHJ5EeY0rZTl2AU75JdjbhxNMHC-uIo1FQWizyVvQd12sgT6ZnTgib3h2_YANTVSsAl_2jYWlx7y3baoFyatrTOLzgM9lGjpC-/s320/Screen-shot-2011-12-08-at-4.12.19-PM.png" width="256" /></a></span></div>
<div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica";"><br /></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">There is one painting
in the show that caught my attention, as it had all the sly earmarks of naughty
Pablo, variously labeled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nude in a Garden</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nudes
in a Garden</i>; or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Female Nude in a
Garden</i> (you get the idea) from 1934. John McDonald puts it this way: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.2pt; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 11.0pt;">“Cubist devices had gradually been reappearing in Picasso’s work
for over a decade. At this point of his career he would jump between styles as
the mood dictated, breaking the body of a model into pieces and reassembling it
in various artful ways.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-alt: 1.2pt; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .3in;">
<span style="color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Nude in a garden is an image of sensual abandon and submission, with
Marie Thérèse compressed into a ball of pink flesh, with breasts, genitals and
buttocks all on prominent display.” (3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .2in; mso-line-height-alt: 1.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">And this is taken as
evidence of Picasso as “adoring lover,” not “the misogynist portrayed in
various biographies.” Once I had puzzled out the various body parts, I noticed
something quite central to the picture: yes, breasts, genitals and buttocks are
all on prominent display, but so is her anus. It’s that single black smudge to
the left, which in the original fades into drybrush as it smudges up and to the
right, lending it a truly profound depth and realism. A masterful smear, and a
perfectly vulgar (interestingly vulgar) celebration of the woman as completely
exposed, all at once and at a glance, highly vulnerable and available. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">Picasso is so much
about biography, about his personal pleasures, conquests, and indulgent self
that he is the perfect object of adoration. He doesn’t profoundly challenge how
art works or the role it plays, or try to take us very far past the comfort
zone of classical themes and subjects. He simply shifts his one message (the
male ego dominated by its id, perhaps?) from style to style, and across
different semiotic registers. He gives us the pleasures we deny ourselves,
assholes that we are. For me, he embodies the logic of pornography quite
perfectly, which is at least a nice change from the legion of tortured and
self-damaging artists so often celebrated in art historical narratives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">These works do need
to be seen and studied, as direct representations of their times and as
exemplars of modernism that utterly dominated the visual conversation of art for
decades. But they have also dominated art historical writing, and had a truly
“sweeping influence” on the reception of painting and art, shaping so much of critical
and, more to the point, resolutely non-critical writing and theory for almost a
century. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">If we argue that
Picasso was a powerful leader in modern art’s struggle for an autonomous logic
of form, for self-reference and self-definition, aren't there much more
‘advanced’ and challenging artists and works? (Why did he never really paint
about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">painting, </i>or move to the issues
of, for example, non-objective abstraction?) And if we argue that he captured
the social and political tenor of his times, aren’t there better examples of
that, too? Like design, for example; or commercial comics and cartooning; or advertising,
with its poundingly oppressive, infinitely varied and seemingly unstoppable
application of the memes and idioms of visual messaging – just like Picasso,
only better: more effective, more honestly pornographic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">Picasso, I think, keeps
us rooted in the past; we really can’t “resist his stare.” He blinds us to the
obvious: the most important art of the last century wasn’t about
self-expression, or even art at all, but its defiant, irrepressible Other. That
would be marketing, and what Debord called “spectacle,” the ways in which
capital is visually expanded and publically expressed and coded across many
media, in design, photography and illustration. Always looking forward, drawing
its poetry from the future, not the past. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">Oakville, ON / 2012.Aug.24</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; mso-bidi-font-family: Lucida;">____________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 130%;">(1) John Cale, from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Helen of Troy</i>
(Island Records, 1975).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 130%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 130%;">(2) Mark Antliff and Patricia Leighten, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cubism and Culture</i> (New York: Thames and Hudson, 2001): 7. To their
great credit, Antliff and Leighten have carried the tough arguments against the
many overly formalist reading of Picasso, which imply he only ever thought
about styles and his medium, placing him squarely in the anarchist and, later,
Stalinist political currents of the day. </span><span style="color: #191919; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 130%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 140%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "plantin"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 140%;">(3) http://johnmcdonald.net.au/2011/picasso-five-highlights/<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment-->1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-3764632064037956822012-01-27T12:08:00.000-08:002012-01-27T12:08:08.796-08:00Design art<br />
Ha. Tried to post this little meme on the National Gallery "Community Page," but it immediately disappeared. Arrogance is its own reward on the art world.<br />
<br />
Anyway, check this out:<br />
<br />
http://www.gallery.ca/en/see/exhibitions/current/details/leiber-sullivan-3281<br />
<br />
Copies of designed catalogues on exhibition, design colonizing visual culture. PS, I worked at the office (eiko emori inc.) that I believe may have designed the original Judd catalog.<br />
<br />
Now check out this: you. too, can have your copy of the original catalog, from Amazon:<br />
<br />
United Kingdom<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Softcover, ISBN 0888842775<br />
Publisher: National Gallery of Canada, 1975<br />
Used, Usually dispatched within 1-2 business days<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span><br />
<br />
C$18,565.79<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-39183030536105116812012-01-08T12:02:00.000-08:002012-01-10T20:11:31.449-08:00Style<br />
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<b>This is an excerpt from from a paper I delivered at the Universities Art Association Conference in October, 2008. I still like it, especially the last paragraph: one great whacking sentence with everything in it, like a big leftover stew. It was fun to read out loud.</b></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Gottfried Semper spent his lifetime (1803 – 1879) searching for the “inner laws”</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">of art. His great work, Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts; or, Practical</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Aesthetics, spends 1,000 pages examining the so-called decorative arts (and he</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">didn’t even get to his principal interest, architecture). He describes the</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">relationship between how a water vessel is carried and used, and its design and</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">centre of gravity: the low-slung Egyptian situla is for drawing water from the earth;</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">the upright Greek hydria is for catching water from springs.</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">In the German romantic tradition, Semper could not resist attributing national</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">characteristics or, in the words of translator Harry Francis Mallgrave, a “collective</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">psychological demeanor,” to such things: the ancient Egyptians were earth bound,</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">heavy, and low; the Greeks soaring and spiritual. Every object, for Semper, was</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">replete with evidence of a culture’s inner meaning.</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">Today, such sweeping attributions might strike us as overreaching; simpleminded;</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">or even just racist. But perhaps we can venture an equally broad</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">conclusion from the prevailing non-style of the blank commodities that choke the</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">aisles; namely, that the cultural logic of capitalism is on <i>such</i> a massive scale,</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">compels <i>such</i> a level and intensity of stylistic variation, has made the artificial <i>so</i></span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">compelling, and has penetrated our lived experience to such a <i>total</i> degree, that to</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">map and diagram the prevailing visual logic around us is to point not towards the</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">justification of extraordinary practices, spirals of earth shimmering in a salt lake,</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">but instead towards the inescapable truth that even the most familiar of objects,</span></div>
<div style="font: 12.0px Helvetica; margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;">like the most difficult, are and must always remain utterly arbitrary; social</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">constructs beyond an individual’s </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;">private use or control; incapable of sincerity; the</span></span></div>
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<img src="webkit-fake-url://CC02A7EA-FE9C-4B2C-8191-0C15C5F51F60/image.tiff" /></div>1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-37436759445938726132011-12-03T06:08:00.001-08:002011-12-03T06:27:45.734-08:00Learning to writeAn interesting experience, stopping for a while and surveying what it is you have done and are doing. A moment of reflection, or reflexivity, or maybe both. (A quick googlecheck yields: <a href="http://oar.nipissingu.ca/PDFS/V812E.pdf">oar.nipissingu.ca/PDFS/V812E.pdf</a>) But also a professional necessity for job applications. What <i>have</i> I been doing? Some quick online advice suggested that a research statement should state what you have been researching, a few of the results that have come from that, and outline where you are going and what you are planning to do next.<br />
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So, in the process of applying for a couple of design history positions, I came up with a one-page statement of my research project. Felt better than years of therapy. This is it:<br />
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">My research project is based on documenting and explaining the origins of professional graphic design in Canada after 1945. This project has been highly successful, as I am still working through and making sense of the wide range and sheer volume of artifacts and images it has unearthed. My research fills a huge gap in our understanding of global design. Although Canada enjoys status as a major developed economy, there has been little academic writing on its graphic design, and no single survey text or major exhibition to provide context and continuity in design studies in this country. My immediate goal is to finish writing and curating the images for such a survey text. This process will be aided by my new status as Research Associate at the Royal Ontario Museum, which houses the design archives of a number of Canadian designers.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">In addition to digging back in time, my doctoral research studied how design works, going beyond the simplistic phrase “visual language” to examine how visual culture produces meaning through iteration and mimesis, without any working grammar or syntax. Design produces aesthetic, disciplinary, discursive, and even economic effects without having any regulating structure and without being a systematic language. In this sense, it is far more interesting than language. Revised parts of my dissertation have been published as articles, such as “Touch, Community, and Aesthetics: Where Harold Kurschenska’s Designs Take Us,” in DA, A Journal of the Printing Arts (2004). In addition to completing the publication of various other chapters from my doctoral work, I have another book project started, on Canadian designer and illustrator Eric Aldwinckle.</span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">I have also sketched out a plan for a text on design history and theory. But far from adding another survey to the pile (I have taught the history of design from four different existing ones: Meggs, Raisman, Joubert, and Eskilson), I want to link key readings in critical theory to various periods and design movements, as work-shopped over ten years of teaching: Kant and typography; Saussure and Dada; Benjamin and Bauhaus; Adorno and International Style; Jameson and Grunge, etc. </span></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">I am also continuing my reading into post-structuralism, globalization and Marxist economics, and the implications for visual culture represented by the loss of presence and positive meaning that such analyses suggest. I am developing a series of articles, and hopefully a book, on how capitalism creates value (which it measures as the cumulative price of goods and services), and how design’s fluid, mimetic, and open source generation of value points not only beyond any professional design language, but beyond the capitalist mode of production itself. This thesis was the basis for my most recent paper, “Identities, Mimesis and Ownership: How Does Design Create Price and Value?” for a session I co-chaired at the Universities Art Association conference in Ottawa last month.</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">2011.NOV.25</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Chapter 10, The Global Flow of Visual Culture<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Many ways to respond to globalization, as well but I
will focus on one of my favorite authors: about the same time as cultural and
other theorists were writing about postmodernism (see response to Ch. 8), Terry
Eagleton returns to a key theme of modernist political theory, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ideology</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Terry
Eagleton, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ideology, An Introduction</i>
(Verso, 1991)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Reject
the concept of ideology, as if we are free of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">collective </i>interests that determine and direct us?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Postmodern
rejects representation, skeptical of any real knowledge, sees power arising<i>
everywhere</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Idea of “ideology” is said to be closed, old school, too <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">deterministic </i>(it looks at how we are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">structured</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">But
to lose concept of ideology while remaining driven by ideas is to fight
ourselves, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>as one does in
psychoanalysis: the self at war with itself, a very postmodern condition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ideology,
range of meanings: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any</i> guiding ideas,
or just the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">false </i>ones? Necessary to
all, or specific to just </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;">some misguided souls? Is ideology
enabling or dominating?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Often
seen as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><b>false</b>,</i> source of blindness, distortion,
and error; but all thought requires pre-conceptions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Technocratic</b> society wants to deny any bias, as though its power is
scientific, inevitable, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><b>objective</b></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Foucault’s
concept of ideology too broad: power and ideology found in every gesture,
practice, habit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Language,
technology, institutions all <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tools</i>,
specific to some forms of power, </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">not the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">source</i>
of oppression<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Source
of religion, for example, not just power or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">domination</i>:
it may be false but not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">absurd,</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>responds to real needs,
pain, fear, alienation, lack of identity in fluid, changing world<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ideologies
often obviously false: one people are inferior, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g.,</i> or capitalism always brings democracy<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">But
sometimes ideology can be based on factual things, but interpreted and used
deceptively<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Like
advertising: no <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lies </i>in a cigarette
ad that shows cowboys smoking, but clear implication is false:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>cigarettes don't make you
manly, they make you sick or dead<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Problem:
facts can be confirmed, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">values </i>cannot<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Is there a basis for deciding between fundamentally conflicting
values, or is it all relative?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Louis
Althusser’s</b> concept of ideology: not true or false, merely our lived <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">relationship </i>to situation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ideas
may be warped, but are necessary, natural, and unconscious, come from our real
circumstances <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ideologies <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pragmatic</i> (they
get things done) and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">constitutive</i>
(they shape and determine our actions)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">But
are they really natural, neutral? Surely in a society of real freedom, there
would be no ideology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
would be “nothing to explain away,” (28), no reason for complex narratives and
illusions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ideology
is more than everyday practices, and not all are equal: the colour of a country’s
mailboxes <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>not as powerful, profound,
or important as the size of its army<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Six</b>
broad definitions of ideology (in order of rising specificity, power, and
domination):<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>All general ideas or beliefs held in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">common</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ideas of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any </i>group or class <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ideas used to promote and legitimate a
group’s collective <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">interests</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Ideas of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">dominant </i>group<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Distorted
</i>ideas used to defend the dominant group’s interests<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The distortion and
deception <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inherent</i> and systemic in
any unequal, material social structure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
last suggests that ideologies arise from historical and material circumstances;
so can they be<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>changed simply through changing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ideas?</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Or
does society have to change? Or do they change each other?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Is
it <b>crude</b> and simplistic to see ideology as a product of economic compulsions, a
systematic distortion </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;">that keeps wages low, or
prevents workers from running their own workplaces collectively</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><b>Jürgen
Habermas</b>: rational, technocratic, pragmatic, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">instrumental</i> ideas replacing rational “public values”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Places
capitalism <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">beyond </i>ideology? Society
run on basis of pure utility, technical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">solutions,</i>
not values<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">We
become “exchange-value” only, no subjectivity to work on: “capitalism flattens
the human subject</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>to a viewing eye and devouring stomach.”
(38)<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">But complex, modern production requires independent, creative thought:
can’t all be ironic machines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Summarizes
other theories of ideology: it is all around, in the air we breathe, but is it
immutable?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">• <b>Frankfurt
School</b> (Adorno, Marcuse), single, monolithic, deceptive, identical, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">reified </i>culture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Reified
= abstract ideas made concrete, embodied, frozen in material relationships <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(usually not for the best)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">• <b>Raymond
Williams</b>: varieties of social experience, local cultures, allows resistance:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>no hegemony is absolute, there are many
“structures of feeling,” paths to action<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">•
<b>Michel Foucault</b>, power <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is </i>absolute,
rises from a micro-physics, like sap in our veins<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(but then how to explain
critical thinking? How to explain Foucault himself?)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Important
link: all ideologies must appear (be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">made</i>
to seem) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">natural</i></b>, inevitable, universal, eternal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Althusser
again: “ideology has no outside,” each one seems infinite (58)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">But
surely some interests really <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">are </i>universal?
Equality, women’s liberation, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Only
truth can survive being truly self-aware; ideology cannot understand itself to
be ideological,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>or it ceases to work as, or to be, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ideology </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Our ideologies must be based on who we really are, or we must reject
them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Eagleton
then traces a broad swath of intellectual and political history, from the
Enlightenment to Marx and the Second International (1914); through Lukács and
Gramsci; to Adorno and Bourdieu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Chapter
7 is key for <b>design</b>: “Discourse and Ideology,” how words and other signs <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">give</i> us concepts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tracing
power through how we use language, prefer to imagine ‘deep meaning, closed
systems;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>we want to imagine that
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">visual </i>is a reliable language,
when it is open and contingent<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Our
social <b>position</b> does imbue us with interests and specific ideas, like a galley
slave <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vs. </i>its master<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Situation
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it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">And
a slave’s thoughts surely represent that situation, the class position of
slavery, if imperfectly<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Do
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to defend? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p>For a detailed and challenging book on this same theme, but read through the philosophy of art and culture, see Terry Eagleton, <i>The Ideology of the Aesthtetic</i> (Blackwell, 1990).</o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-82835646412987370322011-11-25T02:40:00.001-08:002011-11-25T02:44:42.263-08:00Contemporary Problems, Response to Chapter 8<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">2011.NOV.25</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Chapter
8, Postmodernism, Indie Media and Popular Culture</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Many ways to look at Postmodernism; it was much more than
a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">style </i>that came <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">‘</i>after the modern’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Exhaustion of the modern energy; an end to its confidence
in progress; loss of self-critique as <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>any guarantee
of its truth or progressive nature<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In fact, today, postmodernism isn't even a central
concept: as if we have lost the focus and ability <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>to even doubt
the modern, a permissive, infinite flat plain of possibility<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Has the market simply absorbed everything, the sole
justification for whatever we do, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">leaving no room for critique and opposition? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Only a
disorganized Occupy movement without even demands?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">But it’s worth looking at the question still, of
what overall is the role of culture (and design) today, starting with modernism
itself:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Tony
Pinkney, “Modernism and Cultural Theory,” Introduction to Raymond Williams, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Politics of Modernism</i> (Verso, 1989) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Raymond Williams, studies many aspects of culture, indeed
establishes ‘cultural studies’ as a field<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sees modernization and modernism (the art of modern
societies) as “acceleration,” true of Wordsworth (English Romantic poet, 1770 –
1850) as it is of post-structuralist French philosophers today<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Modernism the accelerated culture of a mass industrial
society, serving the capitalist class it arises with? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">By the 1950s, it was, in Williams’s words, a kind of
“glossy futurism,” (9) a highly efficient and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>effective form
of mass communication, perfect for corporate needs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Postmodernism continues the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">role </i>of modernism, de-familiarizing, questioning, but in a popular
idiom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Using irony and imagery from mass culture, not an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">oppositional</i> avant-garde of difficult,
negative works<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Or is postmodernism just what it appears, an endless play
of forms, without choices or distinctions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Once again perfect for corporate needs, but now on
a truly global, mass scale?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Williams argues <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">against
</i>postmodernism, as a newly dominant and misleading ideology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In “When was Modernism” he suggests 1880 – 1950; the late
19<sup>th</sup> Century <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">crucial </i>for
media innovation:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>photography,
cinema, magazines, radio, recordings, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Just
as World War One (incidentally) produced income tax, propaganda, passports and <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>workers’ revolution throughout Europe
(but especially in Russia)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Modern
art movements an incidental product of these energies and technologies; modern
forms <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>easily absorbed back into
global capitalism: marketing and innovating in “heartless formulae” (35).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">So,
perhaps postmodernism is not too far removed from modernism, a continuation of it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Shares
same problem: how to understand <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">culture</i>
(let alone oppositional culture) in a world <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>so completely
dominated by private ownership of production, global markets, and the profit
motive</span></div>
</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">No doubt many people (like me)
first became aware of postmodernism in this collection of essays:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Hal Foster, Ed., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Anti-Aesthetic, Essay on Postmodern
Culture</i> (Bay Press, 1983)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Foster
argues “the project of modernism is now deeply problematic.” (ix)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Modernism
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">successful</i>, but absorbed: became
dominant culture, its jarring innovations new <i>norm</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Modern
exploration of specific demands of a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">medium
</i>(painting is the prime example), now becomes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>about “cultural terms,” ideas that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cross </i>boundaries of discipline and media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">We
explore the idea of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sublime</i>, or
push issues <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">representation, </i>across
high and low art, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>mixing popular and
avant-garde culture, re-using and re-writing them like so many texts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Positions
within a wildly plural field defined by politics, “affiliations,” interests<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Play
of the economic <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">on </i>culture not
repressed, but celebrated, explored, to play with<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Both
“a postmodernism of resistance and a postmodernism of reaction”: take apart the
dominant<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>paradigm of high modernism; or just use
history to rehash the past and leave things as they are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">To
be critical, postmodern practice cannot just return to old forms, in quote and
pastiche <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Foster insists on a critical distance, “a critique of origins, not a
return to them.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">But: </span></i></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">I
think the proliferation of so many critical approaches—like the many topics and
chapters in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Practices
of Looking—</i>no longer have a meaningful way to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">engage, </i>or to conflict with each other<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">In
modern practice, certain works were validated as “genius,” most was rejected as
kitsch or trash<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">But
if <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">everything </i>is equally interesting,
useful, worthy of study, and representative of some specific<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>culture, how are we to
decide which way to move, what is progress, and what to do next?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
must be a material basis from which all art and design arise, it must represent
something more</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>than stylistic or personal preference</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Modernism
pushed against the academic and stale culture based on Renaissance standards, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>which had become a parody of itself,
badly in need of radical vision and artistic revolution<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">How
are we to push against a culture that can buy and sell anything? Not whom do we
work for, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 16.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>but what are
we working <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">against</i>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Other key writers in this very
1980s debate on postmodernism, many of whom happen to come from a Marxist
perspective, seeing history as based in material interests, and the struggle
between classes:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Fredric Jameson, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of
Late Capitalism</i> (Duke, 1991)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">100
year old modernism exhausted; popular forms, not difficult ones, become
central:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>pulp fictions, Las Vegas architecture,
‘B’ movies, gothic and science fiction,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
etc.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Postmodernism
is a new <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">period,</i></b> where all forms of art and design are passively
accepted<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Aesthetic production today has become
integrated into commodity production generally”</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">A culture of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">depthlessness</i></b> (no deep meanings); <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">schizophrenia
</i></b>(can’t separate what is real and what is not); impersonal <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">intensities</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>but not emotions (like movie effects or
video games); and a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">“waning of affect<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,”</i> </b>no feeling or expressive power,
just a cool surface of images copying each other<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
<br />
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Another important text, by a
Marxist geographer who puts postmodernism in a wider social and <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>economic
perspective. This is a great overview of modern intellectual and social history:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">David Harvey, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Condition of Postmodernity </i>(Blackwell, 1990)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">We
experience life as if guided purely by ideas; postmodernism makes a kind of
sense<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">As
if the struggle of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ideas </i>alone
creates cultures and change; fail to see the material basis of ideas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Postmodern ideas arise in universities, among academics, not arising
out of wider social upheavals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">A
rising capitalist class had an interest in Enlightenment and modern ideas: they
has to displace the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>monarchs and privileged aristocratic
classes, to build a society based on investment and merit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Who
is the postmodern for? Who fights for it, what social interests are represented
by it?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">What drives this plural, permissive culture, what determines its
logic, its boundaries? Are there any?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Harvey
traces rise of modern in the city, in philosophers (Condorcet, Weber,
Nietzsche) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">In
new modern culture: writing (Proust, Joyce); art (Picasso, Duchamp); music
(Stravinsky, Bartok) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">theatre (Brecht); science (Einstein); industry (Ford); and other
fields (Saussure)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Class
inserted itself in the modern: workers’ revolutions of 1917 and later in
Russia, Germany<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>or realist art of working classes in the
depression, 1930s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Do we see the world through that lens today? Understand the forces and
struggles that drive it? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tracks
key postmodern figures, like Foucault: drive to power diffuse, everywhere in
society<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Lyotard:
there are no big “meta-narratives” anymore, universal themes that can liberate
‘all mankind’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>only local constructs; a
vast middle class, not workers <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vs. </i>the
bourgeoisie; just <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people</i>, not ‘Man’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Harvey
also explains the changes in global capitalism since 1973, the first big
postwar recession<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">From
1945 to the mid-1970s, it seemed as though the economic system had solved its
crises, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Depression a distant memory, not a real
possibility; only a question of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">how much </i>growth<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Why did economy boom after the war, and why did it return to crisis
and slow growth in the ‘70s?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Capitalism
has become highly flexible, investments move rapidly across globe, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>new cheap sources of labour appear (tens
of millions of Chinese peasants move to cities, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g.</i>)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Still not enough to create sustainable, livable, and equitable modern
world<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Like
Marx, Harvey looks for the contradiction, the self-defeating principle at the
heart of capital<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">It
needs human labour to grow and profit, but it constantly replaces workers with
machines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Efficiency
pushes out the source of all new value (that’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">us</i>), in search for short term gain (see: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">banks</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">A
culture that thinks it can escape the need for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">living labour</i> is the basis of a postmodern culture?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>With its rootless images, a culture
without origins or essences, change without progress<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">This all seems to beg the
question: </span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt;">Are <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Indie media </b>and popular forms of
culture an adequate practical response to the loss of confidence in a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">progressive, </i>or even just a professional,
modern culture? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-29278629170641072422011-11-22T07:20:00.001-08:002011-11-22T07:36:44.887-08:00YSDN RenewalI realize it has been fully two months since YSDN met at Liberty Cafe, but I have finally put together my notes. I am sorry for the delay, I am a horrible secretary, but they do keep us busy...<br />
<br />
I have divided the comments made into categories, as the discussion was wide-ranging and informative. Where to go from here? I have no idea what use or changes the program might be encouraged to make from all this, but I will pursue it -- primarily through the curriculum committee, but outside of that busy body as seems helpful. <br />
<i><br /></i><br />
<i>Brian Donnelly</i><br />
_______<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Meeting at Victory Café</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">2011.SEPT.30 — Issues
raised at the Renewal meeting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">The meeting was held in a crowded
and noisy bar in Mirvish Village, with approximately 30 people, plus Brian D
and Ed as faculty. There was a large number of recent grads in attendance
(possibly one-third to half of the total), as well as representative of all
levels except first year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Cultural issues<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Move the program into a shared
space downtown; York and Sheridan are <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">very distinct and separate cultures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Four years not
unified, don’t share activities, DSA can’t bridge them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Speaker series; program-wide
exhibitions, assemblies, parties, events;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> DesignThinking is good for mixing
different years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Bring alumni back
into program more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Sharing Information<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Crowdsourcing
useful information from students on all related topics, such as events and
supplies, notice of critique sessions <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.,</i>
and circulating via a student website<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Serve DSA website
on YSDN site; use work studies to build these<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Links to available
scholarships, more outside links needed<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">More shared critiques outside of
class: show work, talk design in social atmosphere,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Share
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">goals,</i> not just work<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Administrative issues<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Administration, Executive
Committee available for meetings; most students don’t know who they are or what
they do: “What does the Chair do? Who is it?” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Does YSDN have policies?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">No one feels
involved or consulted, or that they can have input into any changes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Webpage only
consulted for tracking credits; handbook not useful, not read<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Need for
transparency, consultation on changes and processes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Little communication: profs in
classes not the best way to disseminate information;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Too many central e-mails (office
distribution) often ignored<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Paying for a mandatory 36 credits
“screws over students;” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">many take year off to raise money<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Can’t take Sheridan
courses as elective; York Visual Art courses always full<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Not fully prepared
for business, need very practical understanding of use of marketing,
psychology, behavioural economics, and research in professional context<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Curriculum issues<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Course descriptions
are terrible, inaccurate, confusing; need to really sell the courses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Who is teaching
which course? Need to know in advance<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Survey of students
re: desired courses for next year had to be printed out and handed in (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vs. </i>online response); results not
announced, no feedback on effectiveness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Expand skills
taught / delivery, use charrettes, contract projects in real world, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Workshop could be
better linked to second year (Research, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">i.e.?</i>)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Internship should have part-time
option, 100 hours over summer; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">3 weeks full-time blocks enrolment in summer courses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Internship rules
being subverted by some students, not equal requirements<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Students not sure
whether to be specialists or generalists; program pushes both<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Grad show useful?
Or a “slave market;” putting it together only useful thing about it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">A final year
conference, smaller exhibition venues; more dispersed promotion<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Grad show branding
is the main identity for grads: “I was in the ‘Splice’ year”</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">______________<br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">The following is a list of issues <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">previously</b> identified by students,
which was handed out and served as an ‘agenda’ of sorts for the Sept. 230
meeting:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Summary of key themes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Space<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Two campuses, travel, scheduling,
cost are problems / move downtown Toronto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Need a heart, center, free area
for the program (a local bar?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Too sterile, need stimulating
environment (and more outlets in labs)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Laptop-based program, labs more
humanely functional <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Life<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Too busy, “your life is
officially over”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Richness outside classes /
speakers, trips, exhibitions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Events for entire program: to start
the school year, know each other, staff and faculty<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Course
content<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Student workload too heavy,
controlled / time to develop independently, freedom<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• More work by hand, off-computer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Software support (‘Adobe 101’)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: 'Plantin Bold'; font-size: 11pt;">Administration<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Student reps, liaison on
committees / actively seek greater input <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Student counselor: peer mentor,
RGD and alumni contact <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Interactive YSDN website, 2-way
communication<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">• Resources list for YSDN,
including materials, events, entertainment, media <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhODUywZCWQXk82GZWEumOMvWIUjcVhCUBfSJF32SC4oNZO1m61XYD_QwEtW8RTN7iHNi1Xe9PssK-rEX8f6VEgBQjotSavGE4_7DUaewg6Hifw6O2ezNTpAIcl3EfK-ApIyIQ9tC631Axr/s1600/Renewal+2011-12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhODUywZCWQXk82GZWEumOMvWIUjcVhCUBfSJF32SC4oNZO1m61XYD_QwEtW8RTN7iHNi1Xe9PssK-rEX8f6VEgBQjotSavGE4_7DUaewg6Hifw6O2ezNTpAIcl3EfK-ApIyIQ9tC631Axr/s320/Renewal+2011-12.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-62104732878764867162011-11-17T20:24:00.001-08:002011-11-17T20:26:39.957-08:00Contemporary Problems, My Response to Chapter 6<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">2011.NOV.18<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Chapter
6, </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Media in Everyday Life </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Benedict Anderson, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Imagined Communities<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Nationalism arises between a
“vanished past” and a “limitless future” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Constructs a
narrative of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">loss</i>, to promise some
undefined future <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">gain</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">First
edition written as world changed, late 1970s, inter-socialist wars China / Viet
Nam<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Asian
history never about socialism: entirely nationalistic<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Collapse
of ‘communism,’ and of internationalism, defeat for those with illusions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Nations
persist; but defeat for the great <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">economic</i>
idea of shared wealth (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">i.e. </i>socialism)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Do we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all </i>have a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">nationality</b>? Is it given or chosen? What is it based on?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">A powerful,
but without grand thinkers: no major philosopher makes argument <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">for </i>it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Famous
definition of ‘nation’: “an imagined political community, imagined as both <br />
inherently limited and sovereign” (6)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">We never meet
most other members of nation, we have to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">imagine
</i>them (and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">they </i>define <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">us</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Nations not
become <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">self-conscious</i>, aware of
something that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pre-exists</i>: nations <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">invent </i>themselves<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Not
falseness, but creativity seen in this process <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Limited</span></i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">:</span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> not
entire humanity, always an ‘other,’ even nationalists don’t want <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">one </i>nation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 54.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Sovereign:</span></i></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">not religious, divinely ordained
from one true god, but plural nation<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">s</i></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Cultural roots </span></i></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">of nationalism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Nations arose in 1700s as
religions <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lost </i>power, to provide continuity,
endless future<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Religious communities were/are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">immense,</i> based in symbols and language<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">European exploration and contact
showed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">plurality </i>of cultures, hence <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">contingent</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Also rise of
vernacular languages meant Arabic and Latin not the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">only</i> language of the sacred <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Two other keys to rise of nation:
loss of strict hierarchies (economic changes) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Realize earth has a material
history, fossils, history not fixed or fated; future is open, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">changeable</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Books </span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">were
the first modern, mass-produced industrial commodity, tens of million in first
50 years<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Foundation of capitalism, international
search for markets<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">From Latin, which you had to learn
(made you bilingual), to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">local </i>languages<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Reformation,
Protestants: huge rise in printing and thirst for ideas, basis of unique
nations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Split single, international ‘catholic’
church with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">new</i> writings, Luther a popular
best-seller<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Many haphazard news language
regions and nationalities emerge, through <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">print</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">à</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> how might graphic design play
these roles? Can it? Is there continuity in it?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Written languages unified nations,
not as changeable as local spoken dialects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Print lasts, visible link to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">national, </i>linguistic past: languages <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">stabilize, </i>become modern 300 years ago<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Languages </span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">and
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">print </b>created ‘imagined communities’
and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">nations,</b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> i.e.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Huge rise of
self-declared, post-colonial nations in North and South America, 1776 – 1838<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Language <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i> key to nations in New World: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">creole</i>, spoke language of colonial masters<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Haiti: Toussaint L’Ouverture,
massive slave revolt, second republic in West Hemisphere<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Empires used
natives to hold on to Empire <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">against </i>the
creoles, new nations<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Colonies often developed national
idea before many states of Europe<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Sudden split of Spanish empire, 3
centuries old, large native populations, into 18 parts<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Like revolution in America: heavy
burden on colonies; and Enlightenment ideals<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Present world grew out of
administrative boundaries of the old Spanish and English Empires<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">___________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Guy
Debord, “The Society of the Spectacle” 1995 (original 1967)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">An angry, highly political text about visual culture,
direct experience is now “mere representation”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">He puts it very bluntly: the “former unity of life is lost
forever” —a high price to pay for images!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“The spectacle is not a collection of images;
rather it is a social relationship between people that is mediated by images.”
(12)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Images <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">mediate</b>
and shape (and falsify, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">i.e.</i>) the
fundamental social relationships in our lives <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">As if everything that appears is good, and everything that
is good will appear <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> (like Facebook:
everything appears there, looks good, and is assumed to be good) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“A negation of life that has <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">invented a visual form for itself”</i> (14)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Through the domination of the economic over all
aspects of life, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">being </i>becomes <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">having<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">In a fashion not unlike Foucault, he sees power as
generalized, everywhere, through <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">spectacle</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Visual practices self-generate, make their own rules, create
illusion of freedom and leisure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">We ‘see ourselves’ at the beach, or in a dream home:
images are concrete alienation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">In his most famous phrase, spectacle is “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">capital </i>accumulated to the point where
it becomes image.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">He is also carrying on an argument with the global
communist states, like China or Russia <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Sees them they as just “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">concentrated</b>” spectacle: a bureaucratic capitalism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Everyone dresses like Mao “because there is nothing
else to be,” no alternative images<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">The West is no better: “<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">diffuse</b>” spectacle, masking “class divisions on which the real
unity of the capitalist mode of production is based.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Long middle section gets explicitly political, history of
failed revolution through 20<sup>th</sup> Ce.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Hidden ‘prize’ in the middle of the chocolate egg: people
read this essay because of the term spectacle, in the context of visual culture
studies, but it is really about defeat of workers’ revolutions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Looks to “criminality,” local self-organization, “the only
undefeated aspect of a defeated movement”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Arjun
Appadurai, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Modernity at Large</i> (1996) </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">(Ah-PAD-da-rye)<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modernity a claim to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">universality,</i>
Enlightenment a “self-fulfilling, self-justifying” idea<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Looks at Western modernism from Bombay (Mumbai):
“synaesthetic and… pretheoretical”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">See, hear, and smell pages of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Life</i> magazine and Hollywood films: US replaced colonial England<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Culture and media shifted his sense of nationality
and identity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Media and migration determinates of modern <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">imaginary</i>, especially electronic media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Electronic mediation transforms preexisting worlds of
communication and conduct” (3)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Movement of people and vast circulation of images destabilize
subjectivities, create “irregularities”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Should modernity be seen as a rupture, a step to something
bigger and better?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modern media and migrations do something new, a
trans-national, even <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">post</i>-national
effect<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Many societies still experience modernity from afar,
through global media, not as a national narrative<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">But interrogated, rewritten on local level through
“subversive <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">micronarratives</b>,”
opposition forces<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">à</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Like design? We learn an
international history, but adapt and apply it wherever we are<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">And Diasporas bring changes of their own to global
urban centres<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Chapter
2</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">, “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modern world “now an interactive system in a sense that is
strikingly new” (27)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Pull of larger groups – religious, commercial,
political – replaced by smaller-scale, local loyalties <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Benedict Anderson: “print capitalism” brings promise and
power of mass literacy, shrinks distances<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">But is it a “global village,” or a rootless,
schizophrenic, alienated, even <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rhizomic</i>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">non-space</b>?<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">à</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Do we not feel most at
home in what we know, in our skills, in design? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Deleuze and Guattari, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rhizomes<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Important post-structuralist philosophers, D&G
were looking for new forms of knowledge, opposed to linear and causal
explanations, which only reinforced existing ideas and institutions of power.
Their writing follows suit, being very dense and complex, making many unexplained
references and connections. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhizomes</i>
suggest we need to think in much looser, less structured and determined ways. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">From
Wikipedia:</span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">botany</span></a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrology"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">dendrology</span></a>, a <b>rhizome</b>
is a characteristically horizontal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_stem"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">stem</span></a> of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">plant</span></a> that is usually
found underground, often sending out <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">roots</span></a>
and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoot"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">shoots</span></a> from its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(botany)"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">nodes</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">Gilles
Deleuze</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Guattari"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">Félix Guattari</span></a>
use the term "rhizome" and "rhizomatic" to describe theory
and research that allows for multiple, non-hierarchical entry and exit points
in data representation and interpretation… the rhizome resists chronology and
organization, instead favoring a nomadic system of growth and propagation. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black;"><br clear="all" style="page-break-before: always;" /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px;"><br /></span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px;"></span></span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin;"><br /></span></b></div>1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-6755969376163699182011-11-17T11:13:00.001-08:002011-11-17T11:15:14.497-08:00Contemporary Problems, My Response to Chapter 7<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">2011.NOV.18<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Chapter
7, Advertising, Consumer Cultures, and Desire </span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Dealing with ethical issues in this chapter, individual
opinions, choices, and desires<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">But also trying to go beyond that, to understand the
objective frame of capitalist society <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">The system has a logic that does <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">not </b>simply respond to ethical argument<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">We must understand and respond to the way it is, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">whether </b>we want to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">profit </b>from it, or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">change </b>it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Naomi
Klein, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">No Logo,</i> (2000</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">) – more
than ten years ago<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Sections</span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">: No
Space, No Choice, No Jobs, No Logo<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Writing from the perspective of a young woman, response to
the branded consumer culture around her<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Moving beyond a struggle with identity, self-image, even
beyond culture-jamming:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Wants
to understand the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">system</b>, its
factories, $2/day wages, and the corporate power behind it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">No Space</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">: “brand
identity is waging war on public and individual space” (5)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Corporations move in to colonize space and time in schools
(ads, sponsorships, research chairs), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Soft drinks contracts in universities; Stanford’s
Yahoo! Chair in Information Technology, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">But academics also unable to publish negative
results in drug tests: Dr. Nancy Olivieri, at UofT <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Key tool is brand image, “the core meaning of the
modern corporation” (5), and </span><b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">synergy</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">1988, Kraft purchased for $12.6 billion, 6 times value of
its material property: difference = “Kraft”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Brands like Tommy Hilfiger or Virgin have never actually manufactured
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anything</i> but their image (24)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Brands able to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">link</b>
disconnected things: Gap ads and swing dancing, Rufus Wainwright CDs, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">The Air Jordan brand means a basketball team, Nike
shoes, entire ‘retail experiences,’ movie <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Space
Jam<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Marketing closes down the space of alternative expression,
becomes our only </span><span style="font-family: 'Plantin SemiboldItalic'; font-size: 11pt;">culture</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Identifying trends early, hiring ‘cool hunters’ and
‘change agents’ to find and spread new images<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Mining black urban culture in particular, ghetto-preppies:
not even irony or attitude can redeem it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Identity
politics</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g. </i>race and
gender issues mean the left is often looking inward<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Capital going global, penetrating every product, surface
and experience in life<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> “class fell
off the agenda,” and we need a return to questions of power and ownership<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">No
Choice: </span></b><span style="font-family: 'Plantin SemiboldItalic'; font-size: 11pt;">brand
bombing</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">, massive investment to displace all competitors in an
area<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> A&P in the
1910s; Wal-Mart today; suburbs and malls gut downtown core of cities<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Plantin SemiboldItalic'; font-size: 11pt;">Mergers
</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">especially in
entertainment; Viacom owned both Paramount Pictures and Blockbuster video<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Same company owns Harry Potter books, movies, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Time </i>magazine when it put Harry on the
cover<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Also enables easy </span><span style="font-family: 'Plantin SemiboldItalic'; font-size: 11pt;">censorship </span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">of unfavorable reviews,
contrary opinions <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">No Jobs:</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> best
section, gets to the reality behind the images and the </span><span style="font-family: 'Plantin SemiboldItalic'; font-size: 11pt;">imaginary </span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">we live
in<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Plantin SemiboldItalic'; font-size: 11pt; letter-spacing: -0.5pt;">From Wikipedia:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">The <b>imaginary</b>, or <b>social imaginary,</b> is the set of
values, institutions, laws, and symbols common to a particular social group and
the corresponding society.</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">“The social
imaginary...[is] the creative and symbolic dimension of the social world, the
dimension through which human beings create their ways of living together and
their ways of representing their collective life.” (Charles Taylor, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On Social Imaginary</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">The
imaginary is presented by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Lacan"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">Lacan</span></a>
as one of the three intersecting orders that structure all human existence, the
others being <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Symbolic"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">the symbolic</span></a> </b>and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Real"><span style="color: #092aa5; text-decoration: none;">the real</span></a></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Product
manufacturing contracted, ‘outsourced’ offshore, “export processing zones,” low
wage ghettos<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Philippines, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g.:</i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cavite</i>, a 682 acre complex, gated,
guarded, no logos on buildings, 50,000 workers, <br />
52 such zones there with 500,000 workers, doubled since 1994 (all figures as of
2000)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Mandatory overtime, 13 cents/hour, no union or
benefits, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vs. </i>$15/hour jobs replaced
in global north<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Branded
work in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">retail </b>in Canada: uniforms,
strict procedures, long split shifts at all hours<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Temporary
contract teachers the vast majority in most universities (esp. YSDN), knowledge
factories<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">No Logo: </span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">last section about the opposition:
culture jamming, use their own brands against the system<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Guy
Debord, French Situationists of the 1960s, and esp. May-June 1968: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">détournement</i> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Flow through
urban and private spaces, re-represent it, alter it, and use it more freely<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">And
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adbusters: </i>“feels like an only
slightly hipper version of a Public Service Advertisement” (293)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Predictable
parodies, sees the problem as mass desires<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Conclusion:</span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> solution lies in self-organizing workers inside
factories, in workplaces<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Imagine a
global labor charter of rights, building a movement that targets corporations and the profit
motive itself<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">(Imagine a
world in which the creation of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">class </i>difference
is as unthinkable as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">slavery</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">_________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">From
my thesis:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Sut
Jhally, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Codes of Advertising</i>
(1990)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Codes of Advertising, </i>Sut Jhally [suggests
that ] satisfaction is relative, a socially and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">historically determined standard</b>, and consumption norms show immense
variation, historically and geographically (17). This leads him to the question
of the exchange of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">material </b>versus <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">symbolic </b>values. Jhally insists that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all </i>needs and use-values are
subordinated to exchange-value, including what he terms “symbolic utility” (17)…
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Advertising</b> has become one fulcrum
of the balance between functional and symbolic values, if only because its
sheer predominance within all other media makes it the single most important
source of information about what looks good, what is hot, or what is right—in
short, what <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">symbolic utilities </b>and
values are available. Advertising, one could easily demonstrate, spares little
time on <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">information </b>about the
material qualities and measurable benefits of a product. Only in exceptional
cases does government regulation demand certain facts, such as revealing the
active ingredients in home remedies, or that cigarettes kill. (In both these
particular cases, regulation came only after long struggles against two of the
most profitable and heavily advertised industries in history, from Lydia
Pinkham to the Marlboro Man.)… Advertising is the very material industry
concerned with creating, disseminating, and reinforcing <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">symbolic</i>, not material, values.
</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Economic exchange
involved in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">seemingly </i>uncommodified
act of watching media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">In advertising-supported
media, (magazines, television, internet) <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">audience</i> </b>is the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">commodity <o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Vs.</span></i><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> older
business models: pay for content, or subscription: early books <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pre-sold </i>this way<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">As ads increased,
publishers and broadcasters sold numbers of readers and viewers to advertisers<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">The material product
only a vehicle for reaching audiences: demand by businesses for <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">audiences</b> of
consumers vastly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">greater </i>than individual
demand for particular information<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">People lured into
looking by disposable, cheaply generated content<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Jhally: ads are
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">capital goods</b>, investment made to
ensure the reproduction of capital<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Their product is the
real value of brand image: usually well-crafted and extraordinarycreativity
with word and image far higher, than the generic editorial material around
them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Also argues that
watching media is a form of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">working </i>(Jhally
1990: 73 ff.): <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"> viewers are paid to watch ads, in the form of pleasurable
entertainment <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Viewers are
hired solely to produce <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">surplus value</b>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">surplus watching</i>, i.e. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;"> watching the ads as well as the show. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Like surplus value in
offices and factories, this value becomes the property of the investor. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">Jhally also refers to
this process as rent, the rental of audience time<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11pt;">[<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In my opinion: </i>Jhally is correct when he
talks about ads as rental, an expense paid in expectation of greater return,
but not when he argues that viewing is paid work. More accurately, the watching
audience is a raw resource, another form of rent. Viewers <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as viewers, </i>are a free, natural material that fuels the media
industries generally.] <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Jean
Baudrillard, “Advertising,” from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
System of Objects </i>(1999, original 1968)<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Ads are “pure connotation;” we don’t believe specific,
actual claims, but we <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">do believe </b>in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">advertising<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Enjoy its “logic of belief and regression” (167); the idea
that society <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">is </b>for <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">your </b>needs and pleasures<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">We know advertising lies, we are just happy that it
addresses us, it <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">needs </b>us<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Can’t simply <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">refuse
</i>it: we all must participate in global consumer society <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Produces “not just goods but also communicational warmth,”
a sense of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">parental giving </b>through
ads<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Also produces <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">idea </b>of
choice and freedom, something “regressive and inessential,” hence <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">necessary</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Separation from control of our own labor, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">alienation,</i> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">frees </b>us—to be pure, infantile <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">desire</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Images are our reward; but they only lead to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">other images,</i> no final meaning or reward
or value<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt 72.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“There is a profusion of freedom, but this freedom is
imaginary; a continual mental orgy, but one which is stage-managed, a
controlled regression in which all perversity is resolved in favor of order. If
gratification is massive in consumer society, repression is equally massive—both
reach us together via the images and discourse of advertising, which activate
the repressive reality principle at the very heart of the pleasure principle.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Reality
principle:</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">defer </i>gratification,
repress immediate impulses and pleasures = <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">civilization</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Vs. </span></i><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Pleasure
principle: immediate gratification, act on impulses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">For Baudrillard, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">reality,
</b>in the form of pragmatism and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">order, </i>is
the dominant binary in Freud’s pairing of the reality and pleasure principles<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-7223090878508768032011-11-16T10:50:00.001-08:002011-11-16T11:00:10.146-08:00Contemporary Problems, My Response to Chapter 5<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">2011.NOV.11<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Chapter
5, Reproduction and Technology<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Most important new technologies <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">visual</i>, not mechanical: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g. </i>editing
in film; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>layout, fonts
space in design?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Reproduction raises many other issues: ownership
and authenticity, mainly<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><br />
Challenges ideas of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">originality </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">property</i>, i.e. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">How far does this challenge go? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">We want to ignore ownership as consumers (downloads), but
as producers we cling to ‘our’ creations; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">We want credit as original producers, when
mostly we put together borrowed elements, whose value comes from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">elsewhere</i> (from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">absence</i>, what is not ‘in’ the work itself)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">We seem to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">prefer </i>copies
of copies: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lack </i>of originality and
authenticity gives complexity and richness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">What is a vampire, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g.</i>?
Dracula also a pastiche, a copy of older legends, reflected a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">desire </i>for origins<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">But <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">so many </i>vampires
today, (even pretty teenagers from Washington State can descend from the dark
lords of deepest Central Asia…)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My Key Questions, Further Sources<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Barthes,
</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Camera Lucida:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">(“clear room”)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">After a life of finding the codes that socially determine
meaning, he finds the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">punctum</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">The meaning from photos, on death of his mother,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> pierces </i>him: personal even <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sentimental </i>book<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Evidence that the camera was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">there </i>with it subject<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A meaning beyond codes: what we hope to achieve: “touched
by personal details” of punctum<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">vs. </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">stadium,
denotation, coded details<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Critics of the mechanism, the illusory and
ideological effect of photography, see it as more complex<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Gregory
Batchen, </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Burning
with Desire</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Is photography even a medium? A single technology? What
kind of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">apparatus,</i> or social tool?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">It incorporates several very <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">different </i>practices and machines<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Photo all share idea of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">index, </b>the physical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">trace</i>,
an image created from a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">material </i>interaction
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Derives its power from where and how employed, the
agencies and media that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">use</i> it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">As design is a careful consideration of abstract,
normally <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">incidental</b> elements (font,
layout, space <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.</i>)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Need a <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">new
history </b>of photography, beyond great men, great single photos, amazing
effects, aesthetics, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>or new
original kinds of images arising from self-criticism of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">medium </i>in isolation from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">use<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">See photography as part of art history, a way of
describing the best, what we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">choose</i>
to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">value </b>in it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Or see it as identified with the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">society </b>that uses it:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Its <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">class </i>nature (a tool of class power and
domination)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Or part of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">commodity </i>culture (stimulates
consumption)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Or as
creating <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">desires </i>(never to be
fulfilled)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Two related readings: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">John Berger</b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, Ways of Seeing and </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Walter Benjamin,</b> “Work of Art in the
Age of Mechanical Reproduction”<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Both humanist and Marxist critics: Berger, in
the 1970s, rooted in Benjamin, in the 1930s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Reproduction changes how we see art today: the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">original </b>can’t stay the same when
mass-reproduced<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Why does Berger deal with art? Even Benjamin talks about
photo and film, new media of the time<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berger sees <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">market value </b>as making fetish out of original art; museums and
originals <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mystify </i>images<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Does reproduction liberate them? Are we any less
mystified by the mass media around us?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Benjamin saw <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">aura, </b>fetish value, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">power
</i>of originals,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> decreasing </i>in age
of reproduction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Berger sees a numbness, we can’t <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">feel</i> in an meaningful way in sea of images<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">And we lack <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">control
</b>over media industries and channels, alienated <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">by </i>our most powerful tools<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Art’s <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">meaning </b>tightly
controlled by words, and it works in the interest of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ownership</i> of images, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.5pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 16.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>despite vast reproduction of images, even images <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">without </i>originals placed in religious
aura<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; line-height: 16.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm; padding: 0cm; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">April
Greiman,</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Does
it Make Sense? </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A good example<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A fetish object for me: why? Ownership makes <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">me </b>special? How is identity defined by
the objects that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">surround </i>us, the
absences, like one word in a sentence, or in a given language, defined by what we’re
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Or
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">because it embodies the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">positive </i>values I have built my life around? comic books, old paper,
theory, and graphic expression<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Is this an <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">original,</b> from early days of Mac and pixel technology? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Its <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">value</b> and
aura surely now come from being reproduced in all the history texts, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">canonical </i>status<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">As with Batchen’s attempt to define photography, does the
Greiman tell us what we most feel design is, as the basis for its current status
an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">exemplar?</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Rare, underappreciated, design not collected like art
(though it’s starting to be -- or else I’m a chump. Or both.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-39162528407648970252011-11-16T10:43:00.001-08:002011-11-16T10:49:14.094-08:00Contemporary Problems, My Response to Chapter 4<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">2011.NOV.11<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Chapter 4, Realism and
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1 </sup></span><span style="font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Baskerville Semibold";">|ˈs</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3";">ī</span><span style="font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Baskerville Semibold";">k</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3";">ē</span><span style="font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Baskerville Semibold";">|</span><span style="font-family: "Baskerville Semibold"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "ヒラギノ明朝 Pro W3";"> noun:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the human soul,
mind, or spirit<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">_____<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Key Questions from Presentation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perspective: is it objective, or just <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">consistent?</i> Within a closed system, we
can have <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">relational </i>meaning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Like video games: consistent stylized representation is
convincing, not realism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Same with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">design;</i>
has rules and practices, icons and codes, like stop signs, and typefaces, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">beyond </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Consistent aesthetic approaches, styles, repeated enough
to become readable on their own<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My Key Questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Idea of realism important to art history: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">natural,</i> universal<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>system of representation <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">opposite</i>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Social
construction</i> as theory, central to this book<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Norman
Bryson: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">something sensuous and natural about a
stained glass window, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">We read the stories, as if it wasn’t an illuminated, lose
the art, the form, the feeling<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Subjugate image to word, the ‘real’ message,
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">realism </i>is in the text <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Same with texts: we don’t even see the “sensuous
materiality of the signifier,” lose sight of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">design</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Our reading satisfies the text, ends it, misses the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">image </i>of the text, the “wordimage”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Figural </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">practices
secondary to discursive <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">until Renaissance</i>;
power of representation, illusion, realism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">As though something <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">more</i>,
we see the thing represented, transported, takes us <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">through </i>material surface<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Realism an <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">excess: </i></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“ more visual information than we need to
grasp the narrative content”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Definition of design: form far in excess of content: must
be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">for it’s own sake, </i>i.e.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Power comes from finding the meaning in that excess; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">overproduction</i> of meaning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Richer, deeper because <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i> given, possibly not intended: an immaculate discovery, more
than <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">literal<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perspective in religious paintings: something peripheral,
not the bible story, but a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rival </i>meaning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Story takes us along the straight path: “Jesus was
condemned to death for your sins”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Piero’s Flagellation, he is in the
background: perspective, hall, historical fugures <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.</i> all richer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Along the syntagmatic axis, one link in a single chain; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vs. </i>the paradigmatic axis: vertical
links to other associations, other media, other rules<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Design takes us beyond the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">necessary, </i>into the realm of freedom, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">i.e.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jonathan
Crary,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Techniques of the
Observer</i> broadening art history<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Renaissance painting studied because of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aesthetics, </i>power of realism and
illusion, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>so meaning
must be greater as well (all beautiful people are much smarter, aren’t they?)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Modernism: we start the modern with images we like, Manet
and Post-Impressionists, late 1800s<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Where does it start? Modernism seen just as aesthetic,
visual revolution, in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">representational
conventions</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">See slides: art history in three images,
shows method, theory that got us here<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Crary: locates <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">modernism,</i>
modern <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">art</i>, much earlier, a new kind
of vision<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Arrives <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">early </i>1800s,
machines for seeing: steam powered printing presses, stereoscopes, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">“A new set of relations between the body…and
forms of institutional and discursive power…redefined the status of an
‘observing subject.’ ”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Doing two things: very complex idea of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">causes</i>,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>modernism starts in body / institutions / discourses<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Also:</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">
change marked not by ‘better’ paintings, but a new <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">observing subject: </i>diff <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">defn’n
</b>of mod’sm<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Look at history of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">observer</i>: proposing a new project entirely<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Observer: one who sees, but also <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">obedient</b>: to “observe the law,” or a religious <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">observance</i>, is to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">obey</i> </b>it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hegemonic, not marginal visual forms: optical devices, new
tools and ways of seeing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">A viewer <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">adequate </i>to
the forces of modernity; we have become the observers that the system <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">needs<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Martin
Jay,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Downcast Eyes<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">First page: how many metaphors for vision are in our
language, especially about <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">knowing</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">[<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Read Page 1</b>,
including the footnote]: like <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">voir </i>in
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">savoir</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pouvoir:</i> power and knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Book actually looks at discourse: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">writing </i>about vision, and how sight has been <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">denigrated<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Esp. in French critical theory, reaction to French role
in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">creating </i>modern vision and art?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Discourse:<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>loose
term, many different directions into and around in it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Goes from <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">topic</b>,
“theories of vision,” to more <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">specific</b>,
“in 20Ce. French thought,” to thesis:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Vision was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">denigrated,</i>
systematically and consistently mistrusted and attacked<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">“<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gaze</b>”
as the “objectifying looks of strangers” for Sartre: power of vision to define
us by being <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">seen</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">W.J.T.
Mitchell, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Iconology</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Wordimage, sees them together: fear of images in many
philosophers, Marx to Sartre <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Beyond enjoying and celebrating images, love of art and
design: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>or perhaps we
work at them because they scare us? Do you really know why you are in design?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Images powerful and dominant, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">enigmas</i>: our ideas about them no clearer today <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">How to make images dependable, reliable, trustworthy?
Images can never be reflection of the real<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">One theory for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mental
</i>images and one for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">material </i>ones;
do they work the same, what is the relation?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">Both based on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">likeness</i>?
Or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">neither </i>is<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">_________<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">From
my thesis:<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">W.J.T. Mitchell </span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">If Mitchell
starts with images and works in the other direction, back <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in </i>to words: find the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shape </i></b>of words equally important, dissolving
hard distinction between word and images<br />
“no firm, unequivocal basis for the distinction between words and images”
(Mitchell 1996: 53). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Words never
the final ‘resting point’ of images; not an objective arbiter or resolution of
image. <br />
NOT looking for better ways to read images: the politics of the image is not in
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">what it says. </i><br />
The politics of the shifting mix, or even the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">equivalence, </i>of word and image matters more<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 72.0pt 216.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Forces us to look for meaning
outside of structured systems, “languages”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Not a more
‘political’ interpretation <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">of </b>pictures:
images function in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">determination </i>of
the social<br />
To write, speak, or be heard is to have identity; to be seen, or even to look,
is to be subject to another: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Traditional clichés
about visual culture (children should be seen and not heard; women are objects
of visual pleasure for the male gaze; black people are natural mimics; the
masses are easily taken in by images) are based on a tacit assumption of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">superiority </b>of words to visual images
(Mitchell 1996: 55).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Christian Metz’s
analysis of film: visual never finally <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">langue</i>,
but remains <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">parole </i>usage w/o
structure<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">“Film can never be
explicated fully as a systematic language” (97). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Representations are made and not given”, realism
becomes a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">central problem </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Irrealism</span></b><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">
necessary, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">negative </i>force, critique
of positivism and the synchronic (= <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">design?</b>)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 72.0pt 216.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Political agenda of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">aversion </b>to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">mixing</b>: race, class, and gender <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">also suppression
of grainy, analog for purer, digital signal; hard distinctions words / images<br />
eliminates the mongrel medium of design<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 72.0pt 216.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Horror at undefined <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">borders</b>: prevent such miscegenation.
Gotthold Lessing’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laocoon</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">A form of ethnic
cleansing, absolute separation of art and poetry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Mitchell sees
a fear of images; images not simple reflections, no “similitude btwn mind and world”
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 72.0pt 216.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Ironic, given “Pictorial
Turn”: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">greater </i>and more complex <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">use</b> of pictures in daily life<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 72.0pt 216.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Pictures—“interplay btwn
visuality, apparatus, institutions, discourse, bodies, and figurality” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">images part of
a chain of meaning: material </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">
form </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> object </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> image </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> symbol<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 8.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 72.0pt 216.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">He also
touches on comic books, from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Maus </i>to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dark Knight, </i>complex, self-referential
techniques<br />
“All arts are ‘composite’ arts (both text and image); all media are <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">mixed </b>media, combining different codes,
discursive conventions, channels, sensory and cognitive modes” (95). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-662048521840734612011-11-16T10:39:00.001-08:002011-11-16T10:43:36.277-08:00Contemporary Problems, My Response to Chapter 3<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">2011.NOV.04 Chapter 3, </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modernity: Spectatorship, Power and Knowledge<span style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Key Questions from Presentation<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Descartes and the Enlightenment; is it a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bad </i>thing?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modern</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">
figures, Freud, Lacan, we are created with a certain unconscious: what is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ego?</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Do we all see equally, with same gaze (gender viewing),
power or privilege?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Define <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">gaze</b>? (do
we need terms like these?): Gaze <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">always </i>creates
Other, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g. </i>‘exotic’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Entire apparatus of how vision works, who sees, what they
see, how it <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">makes </i>them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Marx, Foucault: are we all the same (middle) class? How
to define class? Or <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">power</i>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Aren’t norms, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">discipline</b>,
natural? Aren’t norms a good thing? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Share <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">humanity,</i> universal values, progress? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Or is there always <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">dominant</b>
terms in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">binaries?</i> (B/c everything
defined by what it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Whole, modern <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">subject</b>:
independent, responsible, individual choices, tastes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Rational actor, modern subject the basis of market
capitalism, act in own best interests<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Free to put on whatever role we want? What’s stopping
you?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> My Key Questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Spectator
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">a specific term: something formed in the act of seeing,
vision <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not </i></b>by
rational, independent <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">modern subject</b>:
not a fixed category <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Created by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">discourses, </b>the sum of knowledge and shared rules around given
practices<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Foucault,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">
Order of Things: madness, sexuality, design: discourses that produce subjects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Media do too; photography, surveillance, architecture
(Panopticon), clothing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Look at objective determinations of the things that make
up our <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">identity<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Word means both unique
and collective, what classifies you and what is unique, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">defines </i>you<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">First chapter of his thesis,<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> Las Meninas<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Describes gesture of painter, he stands back,
we see back of canvas; he will disappear in a minute behind canvas; caught
mid-oscillation between being visible and seeing his painting; between seeing
and being seen, back and forth; looking at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">us</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Can’t see what he is seeing, just <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">back </i>of canvas; (would even the painting be what he is seeing?);
but the painting we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">do </i>see is what he
must <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">have </i>seen; we are pinned on a
line between his gaze and ours, “pure reciprocity”; but not between viewers and
artist, but <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">original </i>subject; spectators
are additional, incidental? although they (we) are the real purpose of the
painting, to be shown <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">to, </i>“no gaze is
stable.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Unable to see painting, can’t fix what he is
looking at; painter’s gaze instead <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">seizes</b>,
fixes <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">us</i>, changing array of viewers; Light
floods from almost invisible window in sharp angle to right; light shows artist
the characters in studio, and his vision is lit up, but invisible to us; like a
psyche, we see only the back of the canvas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Pictures on back wall, one different, with
two silhouettes with a curtain; mirror, opens up what other canvas hides; this
is the only visible representation <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in </i>the
picture, no one is looking at it; it is visibility itself, but without anyone
to apprehend it; reflects nothing we can see in the space of the painting;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Dutch mirrors refracted and distorted original
picture, backs of the subjects <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">e.g. </i>Van
Eyck’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arnolfini;</i> why not reflect
what is in front of it, in front of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">us</i>?
Establish identities here of all characters; Vélazquez, King Philip, Infanta
(Princess) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.</i>; but these labels,
words, are inadequate work too differently from images; lighted stairs at back,
what he is looking at, from a hidden space behind canvas; list of characters in
foreground, Infanta’s gaze, eyes dead centre of picture and straight out at us,
and one-third up the canvas; maid to left, gaze fixed at right angles to hers, but
looking only at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">her<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Everyone finally focused o what is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">outside </i>the painting, what is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not </i><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">of
</b>the painting is the key to what it is; King and Queen<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>in mirror; attitude of characters suggests attention is due; but
they are pale shadows in highly detailed and sharp-focused picture, and no one
is looking at their representation, in mirror; yet they are the centre that
orders the entire tableau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Everyone is in the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">same
</i>spot: the painter (of the actual painting, Las Meninas); the king; and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">viewers<br />
</i>The gaze is transferrable like that; creates us as spectators, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">playing
roles</i></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>in order to see; we
demand to simply solve the visual puzzle, to just see it simply for what it is;
we miss that it is creating us, structuring our vision, demanding we be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">subject </i>to it; everything here is
pointing to what is <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">not there</b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><img alt="---" height="2" src="file://localhost/Users/briandonnelly/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_image002.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025" width="498" /></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Baroque at start of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">modern</b>; self-reflexivity, about subjectivity and experience of
alienation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Does design capture us and position us like that? Gets us
to buy in to the vision of consistency, identity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Could we write about design like that, how it
makes meaning out of what is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not </i>there,
how type works, or composition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Raymond
Williams</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Politics
of Modernism, </i>Table of Contents tells us what his concerns were, and how he
saw modernity as more than an artistic style:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 25.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: #262626; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">When was Modernism?
<br />
The Politics of the Avant-Garde
<br />
Language and the Avant-Garde
<br />
Theatre as a Political Forum
<br />
Cinema and Socialism
<br />
Culture and Technology
<br />
The Future of Cultural Studies
<br />
The Uses of Cultural Theory<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 25.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;">Cultural studies has become essential to every other discipline
in the humanities, asking questions about every assumption of what and how we
study things</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 25.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;">
</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #262626; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;">Cultural studies also underwent a <i>visual turn,</i> came
to understand the importance of images, and to see texts as images (the
definition of design), not just reading texts in social context</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 25.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 15px;">Where are we now? Habermas arriving at awareness of
Postmodern, beyond rational, efficient form</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Habermas</b> Modernity—an Unfinished
Project<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modernity more than modern, the now;
systematic way of life, not just change from the past<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">1960s US avant-garde rehearses 1920s Euro avant-garde,
modernism loosens <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">disciplines</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modernism exhausted, “dominant but dead”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Culture of modernism blamed for decay, loose morals,
speed, hedonism, and loss of tradition<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Rulers want “economic and administrative rationality,”
but oppose “societal modernization” (8)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Lose faith in liberal culture, liberal arts,
and liberal education; art underlies its distance from society<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Critique dissolves art, auto-critique, containers
shattered; no synthesis, no vision of possible future<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“An emancipatory effect does not follow” (11) — <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">i.e. </i>no freedom coming from that
direction<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modernity in art distorted in absence of
modern ethics / politics, or modern reason / science<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Also intrusion of art into life creates distortions,
loses its autonomy, its only value and must compensate for absence of real
modernity in other areas of life; art’s self-negation is a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">failure </i>in this backward culture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Project of modernity not yet complete, neo-conservative
conclusions arise from <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> expertly
administered culture<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Postmodernism seen as reactionary,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> i.e.</i>, product of modernity in arts
alone<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><img alt="---" height="2" src="file://localhost/Users/briandonnelly/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0/clip_image006.png" v:shapes="_x0000_i1027" width="498" /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Postmodernism <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vs. </i>poststructuralism:
the first is a broad theory of social and artistic change<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Poststructuralism</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">
a philosophical argument about meaning, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">self-defeating
</i>limits of language <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">We do not do or say what we think we are
doing or saying<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Poststructuralism, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">deconstruction</i>,
does not find the ‘real’ meaning, analyze it or dig it up<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">It traces the impossibility of saying precisely <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this </i></b>or
that: a frustrating game at the limits of language<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Designers just want to be clear; this is a
theory of why you can’t ever really be clear, exactly<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Derrida,
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Of Grammatology<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Translator’s “Preface,” Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Do we ‘send’ a message? Or pick up bits and pieces of
existing system, language, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">disseminate</i>
them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Messages scatter, and never reach their
destination, in a defined <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">meaning</i>, or
clear <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">reception </i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Messages defined by what is not there, their place within
a system, what they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">aren’t </i>saying, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">absence</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Signs don’t trace back to original meaning; lead to
others, suspended indefinitely, a chain of signifiers <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Is experience some final guide to
understanding? We experience the world <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">through
</i>language<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Helvetica’s meaning is changed by new sans serifs, shaped
by what it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not, i.e. </i>Ariel,
Akzidenz <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">etc.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">It is metaphor, a kind of metaphysics (ghosts and other <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">presences</i>) to think the meaning is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in there<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Illusion of ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">depth</i>,’
we want meaning to come from somewhere original (to be an author, the
authority)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">All identity a product of language, endless play of
inadequate texts: we are empty signifiers, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> determined by
the play of difference from other things<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">We are permanently marked and by what are not: psyche
carries “the trace of a perennial alterity [something other than itself].” <o:p></o:p></span></div>1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1134264300148652933.post-65364418828332877282011-09-30T09:43:00.000-07:002011-11-16T10:38:59.899-08:00Contemporary Problems, My Response to Chapter 2<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 18px;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">2011.NOV.04 </span></span></b></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;">Chapter 2, Viewers Make
Meaning </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><br /></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Key Questions from Presentation<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Who was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Foucault</b>?
Define names and terms<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Working beyond Marxist determinism: not class, but power
everywhere<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">What is class? How is power and politics
built into everything? Rooms, schools, design as discipline<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Habitus,
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Bourdieu: who does the reading, seeing?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Why would they want to get to the author’s reading? A
form of Will to Power, we submit?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Audiences get sold to advertisers, we are the
product of media<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Audience <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">active </b>responses,
bricolage, counter-bricolage: who
uses terms like this?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Can we think of examples? Useful to design practice?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Hasn’t technology empowered viewers, everyone creates now? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 16pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;">•</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> My Key Questions<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Politics
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">of reading; of course viewer has the last word<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">The question is how are we <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">determined</b>: everyone in this room equal? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> What
determines you? Profession; Race; Nation; Class? <br />
Share readings, backgrounds? What can design do about that? How do we see Asia,
e.g.?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Producers
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">losing central: new understanding of meaning, not a
transmission, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> an ‘inner’
content<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Barthes,
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">why and how author are no longer the final word in
meaning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Looked at semiotics of images, book Image, Music, Text, trans. 1977<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Photographic Message,” works without a code? Is it
natural or cultural? + captions<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Rhetoric of the Image,” can’t have limitless readings,
not just anything will do<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Just that the
inventory of registers and codes and styles is vast, beyond u/stdg, control<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Death of the Author,” no one voice in any writing,
writing is operation of system of signs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Modern authors, Mallarme, saw they weren’t the centre,
signs and social languages were<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Surrealism: surrender to irrational, modernity
uncontrollable, systems too large and dominant<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“The text is a tissue of quotations drawn from the
innumerable centres of culture,” i.e. intertextual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Texts, by
definition, author is absent; author created in the act of reading, reader creates them<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt; margin-bottom: 6pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Closure of ‘author’ construct suits critics, find the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">correct </b>reading: positivism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Refuse God and his hypostases—reason science law”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> under + standing: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">essence</b>s, underlying substance, vs.
attributes, properties that come from<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">It is human reason, science, law etc. that create God i.e.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 16pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Althusser, </span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Ideology
and Ideological State Apparatuses”: we are </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">formed as ideological
subjects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Interpellated,</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">
hailed or ‘called’</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Beyond Marx, no false
consciousness, just “imaginary relationships to real conditions”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">French CP, Stalin: theory seen as science,
not formed in struggle but from above
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">à</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Repressive
State Apps (vs. Occupy movement):
Government, Police, Courts, Army, Schools<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">à</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Ideological
SA’s? education, religion, family, politics, unions, media, culture, sport,
entertainment<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">ISAs are private, not centralized coherent machines,
still part of the state <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Ideology not a representation of ‘reality,’ the Real,
actual conditions: but it represents something
real<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Our understanding, rel’nship to an unknowable Real (like
religion, not true but a true need)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Things that are obvious = ideology: power of recognition of normally tacit governing
ideas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> i.e.
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">women should be equal; people are competitive and
selfish; communism can’t work etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 11pt;">à</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">
do we exist as individuals before language? Words ‘call’ us, design us, give us
tools to be subjects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Design works to make those responses and thoughts the
same? <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Disciplines</b> designers?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Makes designers into particular subjects, a social
position<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Design also disciplines others: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">aesthetic </b>demands, a professional code<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Foucault,
</span></b><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“What is an </span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Author</span><span style="font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">?”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Idea of author appears at privileged moment, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">text </b>points
to author’s existence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Not an interior meaning,
but several exterior meanings<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Text meant to survive us, elude <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">death</b>, make you immortal; now we look
at work, not individual<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">But work (oeuvre) is harder to limit, or define,
than it appears: what is the work of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">designer?</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">What is in the hole left by the absent author, what space
or position remains for us? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> Can we pass
beyond individual, modern <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">subject?<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Foucault,
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">“Subject and Power,” look at how objectification makes humans into subjects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Objective practices of dividing, naming, identifying, all defined by reason:
madness, sexuality, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Greater field of power than pathologies of Nazism or
Stalinism or Capitalism<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">How to fight the power that defines us, makes us
individual subjects<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Like Christianity, individual salvation, a new, dispersed form of power, like <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">punishment</b>, no longer a public spectacle to instil fear openly: you just know it's there, internalize it<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">See him going beyond Marx, and focus on class power and materal production <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Aesthetics:
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Pros know quality, symbolic language, priesthood, not
polling (Komar + Melamid)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">How is that “subjective” experience codified
and kept in place? Where is design? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Hebdige,
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">other readings, places, punks, British Cultural Studies,
Birmingham, R Williams, Stuart Hall<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Postmodern legacy, study of more than ‘quality’ design and
high art, good thing<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">But problem of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">no outside</b>: today rough surfaces and
scrawls are inside, become valued, <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> no leverage
against canon, professional consensus itself
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Doesn’t matter what signs you make, the system sustains
itself, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">aesthetic authority </b>is end in itself<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Hebdige,
</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;"> <i>Subculture</i>: Style subversive, revolt,
something personal, crimes against proper use of codes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Safety pins: relation to mass culture, find uncanny new
meaning for signs, “things mean and mean again”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Also reject vision, utopia, reject <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">moralizing,</b> see pop
culture as a totality, not good and bad <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">All structured by “ruling ideas,” ideology
that gives narrative structure to real material
relationships<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Hegemony</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">,
social groups form “provisional alliances,” exerts “total social authority”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Need consent, make certain interests seem natural,
inevitable, irresistible<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">What does it take to get outside that? Can’t fix meaning the way you want, change it to your meaning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Plantin; font-size: 11pt;">Circuit of meaning always left open, continues to flow<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span>1956http://www.blogger.com/profile/08931404250590429676noreply@blogger.com13